Compact Josephson φ-Junctions

Abstract

This chapter is devoted to the study of controllable proximity effects in superconductors (S), in terms of both fundamental aspects and applications. As a part of the work, theoretical description was suggested for a number of structures with superconducting electrodes and multiple interlayers with new physics related to the proximity effect and nanoscale φ-junctions. They are Josephson structures with the phase of the ground state φg , 0 < φg < π φ-junctions can be created on the basis of longitudinally oriented normal metal (N) and ferromagnetics (F) layers between superconducting electrodes.