Pedogenetic factors of chernozems in the Republic of Moldova in the conceptions of Vasily v. Dokuchaev and Nikolai A. Dimo

Abstract

Chernozems represent the dominant genetic soil type in the Republic of Moldova and constitute one of the country’s most important natural resources, supporting agroecosystem productivity and food security. Their genesis and evolution are determined by the complex interaction of pedogenetic factors defined within the genetic theory of soils developed by Vasily V. Dokuchaev, who is widely recognized as the founder of modern pedology. According to this concept, soil is a distinct natural body formed under the combined influence of climate, living organisms, parent material, relief, and time. These factors act simultaneously and determine the direction and intensity of pedogenetic processes. This paper examines the role of the principal pedogenetic factors in the formation and evolution of Chernozems in the Republic of Moldova through the perspective of the genetic concept formulated by Dokuchaev and subsequently developed by Nikolai A. Dimo. The study is based on a critical analysis of classical and contemporary soil science literature, with particular emphasis on the interpretation of Chernozem-forming processes under the specific environmental conditions of Moldova. The study confirms the continuing relevance of the concepts proposed by Dokuchaev and Dimo and highlights their importance for understanding the formation processes, properties, qualitative characteristics, fertility, systemic functioning, evolution, and anthropogenic transformations of Chernozems under agricultural use. Furthermore, these concepts remain highly relevant for the conservation and sustainable management of Chernozem soils under current land-use conditions in the Republic of Moldova.