Abstract:
G. Schopflin’s three-variable equation is a model that attempts to explain the relationship between state, ethnicity, and civil society. The equation suggests that the state, ethnicity, and civil society are interdependent and interact in complex ways. According to this model, the state is a political entity that exercises power and authority over a territory and its citizens. Ethnicity refers to shared cultural and social characteristics that distinguish one group of people from another. Civil society refers to the space between the state and the individual, comprising the networks, organizations, and associations that operate independently of the state.