Состояние пчеловодства и физико-химические показатели некоторых сортов меда Республики Молдова

Abstract

The article presents an analysis the state of beekeeping and physical and chemical indicators of different varieties of honey in the Republic of Moldova. Physico-chemical parameters were determined in the laboratory of the Republican Veterinary Diagnostic Center of Moldova. The content of water, invert sugar, and sucrose, diastase number, hydroxymethylfurfural content, and total acidity in honey samples were determined according to GOST 19792-2001. The content of micro- and macroelements and the presence of toxic elements in acacia, linden and sunflower honey were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry at the Institute of Chemistry of the Moldova State University, and amount of amino acids was determined in the accredited laboratory of psychosomatic relationships at the Institute of Physiology and Sanocreatology of the Moldova State University. It was established that the mass fraction of moisture in honey varied on average from 16.93% (acacia) to 18.05% (linden), including the mass fraction of invert sugar – 77.18-78.50%, sucrose content – 1, 71-2.07%, and the diastase number is from 8.56 units. Gotte (acacia) up to 16.25 units. Gotte (sunflower), as well as acidity – 1.13-2.26 milliequivalents per 100 g, oxymethylfurfural from 3.00 mg/kg (linden) to 6.77 mg/kg (sunflower). It was revealed that the total amount of studied microelements in honey ranged from 9.118 mg/kg (sunflower) to 16.457 mg/kg (acacia), macroelements – from 483.81 mg/g (acacia) to 1435.19 mg/kg (linden), heavy metals – from 2.507 mg/kg (sunflower) to 3.837 mg/kg (acacia) and amino acids – from 1.352 mg/g (acacia) to 1.756 mg/g (linden). The physicochemical parameters of honey of different varieties depend on soil and climatic conditions and the type of honey plants.