Optimizing organosolv extraction of lignin from Rubia waste for textile industry valorization

Abstract

The composition of lignocellulosic species is complex, consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and various inorganic materials. Separating the three primary biopolymers of lignocellulosic biomass is challenging due to factors such as lignin content, cellulose crystallinity, and water content. Lignin, which constitutes 15 to 30% of lignocellulosic biomass, is a crucial component in various industries, including biorefinery, textile, and water treatment, making its valorization critical.