Use of biofortification principles in developing a maize germplasm collection

Abstract

This study explores the application of biofortification principles in developing a maize genetic collection with specific germplasm aimed at improving nutritional traits. The main objective was to evaluate and classify 174 maize genotypes based on their genetic potential for enhanced nutrient content using traditional and modern breeding tools. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Applied Genetics and Biotechnology, Technical University of Moldova. A comprehensive methodological framework was employed, including classical selection, induced mutagenesis, polyploidization, haploidization, and molecular diagnostics. The results revealed a significant proportion of genotypes carrying key endosperm mutations such as o2, su1, wx1, and fl2, with 31% of the collection exhibiting double recessive combinations. Additionally, 9 lines and 15 hybrids were successfully converted into tetraploids. The study confirms the potential of these genotypes as valuable breeding material for biofortification. The genetic collection developed represents a strategic resource for enhancing the nutritional quality of maize and contributes to advancing sustainable agriculture and food security.