Forms of legal liability and their incidence in cases of violations of land legislation

Abstract

This article examines the issue of legal liability applicable to violations of land and cadastral legislation, analysing it within the framework of the new regulations introduced by the Land Code of the Republic of Moldova. The study highlights the contemporary relevance of the debate on the forms of legal liability and argues that land liability may be regarded as a distinct form of legal liability, shaped as a response to the need to protect both public and private interests. It further explores the forms of liability and their incidence in cases of breaches of land legislation, namely civil, contravention and criminal liability, against the backdrop of cadastral modernisation, the digitalisation of real estate management processes and the increasing number of disputes concerning boundaries and land use. The paper analyses both the conceptual foundations and the practical applicability of liability, with reference to jurisprudence, current challenges and directions for legislative improvement, including comparative insights from European states.