Harnessing hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seed cake proteins: From concentrate production to enhanced choux pastry quality

Abstract

This study explores the production and valorization of hemp seed cake protein concentrate (HPC) as a functional ingredient to enhance the nutritional quality and sensory attributes of choux pastry products, specifically éclairs. By integrating varied concentrations of HPC (0%, 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) into traditional formulations, the physicochemical properties, proximate composition, amino acid profile, and sensory characteristics of the resulting pastries were assessed. Sensory attributes were assessed using the check-all-that-apply (CATA) method, where a trained panel selected applicable descriptors from a predefined list. Results indicated that the incorporation of HPC significantly increased protein content from 8.23% in the control sample (HPC0%) to 11.32% in the HPC20% formulation and improved moisture retention, leading to greater exterior and interior éclairs volume, increasing from 42.15 cm3 to 51.5 cm3 and from 18.34 cm3 to 38.47 cm3, respectively. Furthermore, sensory evaluation revealed pronounced differences in attributes such as flavor, appearance, and mouthfeel, with optimal sensory profiles noted at 10% HPC inclusion. The amino acid analysis demonstrated a balanced composition, particularly of essential amino acids, emphasizing HPC’s potential as a valuable protein source, with significant contributions from leucine (8.17 g/100 g protein), isoleucine (5.56 g/100 g protein), and phenylalanine (6.31 g/100 g protein), as well as notable levels of immunoactive amino acids such as arginine (10.92 g/100 g protein) and glutamic acid (20.16 g/100 g protein). These findings highlight the significant nutritional benefits of HPC enrichment, supporting the development of healthier bakery products and contributing to sustainable food practices within the industry