Productivity of long-term cultivars in the apple tree superintensive culture system

Abstract

The investigations were made in a commercial orchard “CodruST” Ltd. founded in the spring of 2000 year with bench grafting. Apple trees of the varieties Idared, Golden Reinders, Sir Prise, Florina, Mutsu, Gala Must, Jonagored, Jonagold and Ionica growth on dwarfing M 9 rootstock, the distance of plantation between rows is 4.0 m, and between trees in the row is 1.0 m. The trees were trained by the slender spindle crown formation. From 2003 to 2010 was studied the productivity of the apple orchard and fruit quality. It was established, that the first fruits, was registered in the 2003 year, when the yield of the studied cultivars constituted 13.3-33.8 t/ha. In 2010 year, the yield significantly increased to 26.7- 40.6 t/ha. During the study period, the highest averages yield of fruits was obtained at the varieties Ionica – 32.07 t/ha, Gala Must – 32.38 t/ha, Golden Reinders – 32.92 t/ha şi Jonagored – 35.06 t/ha. The lowest averages yield was registered at the varieties Jonagold, Florina and Mutsu.

Studiul s-a efectuat într-o plantaţie pomicolă comercială a întreprinderii “Codru - ST” SRL fondată în primăvara anului 2000 cu altoiri la masă. Pomii de măr din soiurile Idared, Golden Reinders, Sir Prise, Florina, Mutsu, Gala Must, Jonagored, Jonagold şi Ionica cresc pe portaltoiul cu talie scundă M 9, distanţa de plantare dintre rânduri 4,0 m, iar dintre pomi pe rând 1,0 m. Pomii au fost conduşi după forma de coroană fus zvelt ameliorat. Între anii 2003-2010 s-a studiat productivitatea plantaţiei de măr şi calitatea fructelor pe diverse soiuri. S-a stabilit că primele fructe s-au înregistrat în anul 2003, unde producţia la soiurile studiate a constituit 13,3-33,8 t/ha. În anul 2010 producţia de fructe s-a majorat semnificativ, până la 26,7-40,6 t/ha. Pe parcursul cercetărilor, cea mai mare productivitate medie s-a înregistrat la soiurile Ionica – 32,07 t/ha, Gala Must – 32,38 t/ha, Golden Reinders – 32,92 t/ha şi Jonagored – 35,06 t/ha. Soiurile Jonagold, Florina şi Mutsu formează cea mai scăzută producţie medie.