Unele aspecte privind învăţământul românesc în ținutul Sucevei din Bucovina, în timpul stăpânirii habsburgice (1775 -1918)

Abstract

Following the Russo-Turkish War of 1768-1774, Austria, encouraged by Russia, annexed the north of Moldova, known as Bukovina. After annexation, Austria introduces the military administration in Bukovina. The Austrian occupation in Bukovina knows four stages, after which the development of education was divided into periods: I - the Military Administration (1774-1786), II – the Period of Incorporation of Bucovina to Galicia (1786-1850), III – the Orthodox Clerical Period (1850-1869) and IV – The Period after the issue of the Imperial Law on Primary School (after 1869).Immediately after annexation, Austrians started a process of Germanification of the population and education. The darkest part of the Habsburg occupation was the union with Galicia when the process of Germanification and conversion to Catholicism increasingly intensifies, German becoming the official language. A major role in the preservation of the Romanian language and culture at that time was played by the travelling teachers and then by the Romanian cultural societies. After the revolutionary movements of 1848, the Romanian patriots increase their fight for the rights of Romanians and thus, over time, they acquired the right to have schools in Romanian and their number in the rural area increased. In 1910, Romanian language became the official language in Bukovina alongside the German, Ukrainian and Polish. After 1918 the activity of schools in Bukovina will be organized and conducted by specialized bodies of the Romanian state.