Interaction models of ZnO multipod nanoparticles with cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis and red microalga Porphyridium purpureum

Abstract

Zinc oxide-based nanomaterials exhibit distinct physicochemical properties that influence their interactions with biological systems. In microalgae and cyanobacteria, these interactions exert effects that are strongly dependent on morphology, concentration, and the timing of application relative to the culture's physiological state. Aim of the study: To investigate interaction models of ZnO multipod nanoparticles with cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis and red microalga Porphyridium purpureum, focusing on metabolic response and oxidative stress.