The history and theories of juvenile delinquency

Abstract

The article addresses juvenile delinquency, defined as all illegal behaviors committed by young people under 18 years of age. This socio-legal phenomenon is influenced by economic factors (poverty, inequality), family factors (dysfunctional relationships), educational factors (school dropout), and peer influences. The study of juvenile delinquency examines its impact on youth development, social reintegration challenges and social costs. Historically, approaches to juvenile offenders have evolved from harsh punishments to strategies focused on rehabilitation and prevention. Various theories (biological, psychological, sociological) explain delinquency through genetic influences, behavioral disorders оr environmental pressures. In conclusion, the document emphasizes the need for prevention policies and support for the reintegration of young people, the promotion of educational interventions and social support to reduce the risk of juvenile crime and contribute to community safety.