https://repository.utm.md/handle/5014/23578 2026-04-11T18:36:33Z https://repository.utm.md/handle/5014/24383 State regulation of the agricultural land market in modern Russia LIPSKI, Stanislav Reforma din anii ‘90 a dus la eliminarea monopolului de stat asupra proprietăţii funciare şi la privatizarea majorităţii terenurilor agricole. În cadrul micului sector auxiliar circulaţia terenurilor agricole a fost iniţiată la începutul reformei, însă reglementarea juridică privind circulaţia terenurilor în sectorul agro-industrial a apărut abia în anul 2003 (cu peste 10 ani mai târziu decât privatizarea în masă a acestor terenuri). O parte semnificativă a mecanismelor de reglementare a circulaţiei terenurilor a fost împrumutată de la experienţa străină, pentru că experienţa internă lipsea. În Rusia modernă, cele mai importante reglementări privind piaţa terenurilor agricole sunt legate de dreptul prioritar al statului de a achiziţiona terenuri destinate vânzării, concentrarea limitată a suprafeţelor mari de teren deţinute de un cetăţean sau persoană juridică şi interdicţia pentru persoanele străine de a avea teren în proprietate. Practica din ultimii zece ani a permis de a identifica o serie de aspecte discutabile asociate cu aceste mecanisme. Acestea sunt examinate în prezentul articol. De asemenea, au fost luate în considerare mecanismele care pot suplimenta sistemul actual de reglementare al pieţei funciare, dar care, din diverse motive, nu sunt utilizate.; The reform of the ’90s led to the elimination of state’s monopoly of landownership and to the privatization of most agricultural lands. Within the small auxiliary sector of agricultural land the turnover arose in the early reform. But in the large agro-industrial sector, the turnover of lands received the necessary legal regulation only in 2003 (more than 10 years later than the mass privatization of these lands). For this type of turnover, a significant part of the regulatory mechanisms was borrowed from foreign experience, because the domestic experience was absent. In modern Russia, the major regulators of the agricultural land market became the priority right of the state on the purchase of lands at their sale, the limited concentration of large land area owned bya citizen or legal person and the prohibition for foreign personsto have land in ownership. The practice of past decade has enabled to identify a number of disputable issues associated with these mechanisms. They are examined in this article. Also, there were considered the mechanisms which can supplement the current regulation system of the land market, but which, for various reasons, are not used. 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repository.utm.md/handle/5014/24382 Competitiveness of Moldova’s agri-food sector in the context of the deep and comprehensive free trade agreement (DCFTA) CIMPOIEŞ, Liliana Această lucrareare ca scop aprecierea ompetitivităţii sectorului agro-alimentar al Republicii Moldova în contextul Acordului Aprofundat şi Cuprinzător de Liber Schimb cu Uniunea Europeană. Ca indicator al dezvoltării cu succes/eşec al sectorului agro-alimentar este luată activitatea economică externă, fiind analizate modificările în structura comerţului agro-alimentar în perioada 1997-2012, competitivitatea sectorului agricol şi fluxurile comerciale respective. Pentru evaluarea competitivităţii produselor agro-alimentare sunt calculaţi indicii Grubel-Lloyd (ce măsoară comerţul intra-industrial) şi RTA (ce măsoară comerţul inter-industrial). Rezultatele obţinute pentru aceşti indici arată avantajele competitive pentru unele grupe de produse precum: lapte şi produsele lactate, cereale, legume, băuturi şi tutun.; This research aims to assess the competitiveness of the Moldova’s agricultural sector in the context of the DCFTAwith EU. Asindicator of the successful/unsuccessful development of the agri-food sector was taken the foreign trade activity. Thus, the given research analyses the changes in the agri-food trade structure during the period 1997-2012, the competitiveness of the agricultural sector and the pattern of trade flows. In order to assess the competitiveness of the agri-food products it was calculated the Grubel-Lloyd index (measuring the intra-industrial trade) and the RTA index (measuring the inter-industrial trade). The obtained results of both RTAand GLindices revealed the competitiveness of such commodity groups as: dairy products, cereals, edible vegetables, beverages and tobacco. 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repository.utm.md/handle/5014/24381 Морфобиохимические показатели крови и активность ферментов обмена углеводов в тканях коров при антропогенной нагрузке БУЦЯК, Василий; БУЦЯК, Анна Целью наших исследований было изучить динамику морфобиохимических показателей крови и активность ферментов обмена углеводов в тканях коров, которые эксплуатируются в биогеохимической зоне с повышенным содержанием тяжелых металлов в воде и кормовом рационе, на фоне использования цеолита как кормовой добавки. Исследованиями установлено, что тяжелые металлы, которые с кормами поступают в организм коров, неодинаково влияют на активности изучаемых ферментов различных органов животных. Более всего ингибируются ферменты, локализованные в печени, а наименьшее - в скелетных мышцах. Скармливание цеолитовой муки в качестве кормовой добавки в течение 180 дней благоприятно влияло на гематологические показатели крови и на метаболизм углеводов в органах коров, что проявлялось в восстановлении активности отдельных ферментов углеводного обмена. Так, более всего восстанавливалась активность лактатдегидрогеназы с суммарным процентом 50,0% (печень -28,6%; сердечная мышца -12,5% и скелетная мышца- 8,9%).; The aim of our research was to study the dynamics of blood morphological and biochemical characteristics, as well as the activity of carbohydrate metabolism enzymes in the tissues of cows that are exploited in a biogeochemical area with elevated concentrations of heavy metals in water and feeds, on the background of the use of zeolite as a feed additive. The findings from this study demonstrate that heavy metals, which penetrate into the body of cows with the feeds, affect the enzyme activity of different animal organs differently. The enzymes located in the liver are inhibited most, and those located in the skeletal muscles are inhibitedleast.The use of zeoliteflour as a feedadditive for 180 days hada positive effect on blood haematological parameters and carbohydrate metabolism in the organs of cows, as manifested by the recovery of the activity of certain carbohydrate metabolism enzymes. Thus, lactate dehydrogenase activity was recovered most of all with the total percentageof 50.0% (liver - 28.6%, heart muscle - 12.5% and skeletalmuscle - 8.9%). 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repository.utm.md/handle/5014/24380 Влияние хлорида кадмия на уровень промежуточных и конечных продуктов перекисного окисления липидов в крови бычков ГУТЫЙ, Б. В последние годы, на основе многочисленных клинико-экспериментальных исследований, установлена важная роль перекисного окисления липидов (ПОЛ) в развитии многих токсикозов. Загрязненность окружающей среды кадмием и его негативное влияние на организм животных, особенно молодняка крупного рогатого скота, делают проблему изучения патогенеза кадмиевого токсикоза у сельскохозяйственных животных особенно актуальной. Целью наших исследований было установить влияние хлорида кадмия в токсических дозах 0,02 и 0,03 мг/кг массы тела на уровень промежуточных и конечных продуктов ПОЛ крови молодняка крупного рогатого скота. Скармливание бычкам с кормом хлорида кадмия привело к возрастанию концентрации продуктов ПОЛ: мало нового диальдегида (МДА) и диеновых конъюгатов (ДК). На двадцать четвертые сутки опыта уровень диеновых конъюгатов был выше относительно контрольной группы животных на 33%, а малонового диальдегида – на 28%. Возможно, установленные изменения уровня МДА и ДК в сыворотке крови опытных животных обусловлены тем, что токсическое действие кадмия способствует изменению стационарных концентраций радикальных метаболитов О2 ˙ - , ˙ОН, НО2 ˙, которые в свою очередь инициируют процессы перекисного окисления липидов. После скармливания животным хлорида кадмия, возрастает концентрация радикальных метаболитов. Исходя из результатов исследований мы пришли к выводу, что интенсивность перекисного окисления липидов изменяется при скармливании кадмия в различных дозах и от времени, прошедшего после скармливания его исследовательским бычкам.; Based on numerous clinical andexperimental investigations, the importantrole of lipidperoxidation (LP) in the development of manytoxicoses has proved in recent years. Environmental cadmium pollution and its negative effect on animals, especially on young cattle, are the reasons why the problem of studying the cadmium toxicosis pathogenesisin farm animals appearsto be particularly topical. The aimof our researchwas to determine the effect of cadmium chloride in toxic doses of 0.02 and 0.03 mg/kg of bodyweight on the level of intermediate and end LP products in the blood of young cattle. Feeding cadmium chloride-supplemented diets to bull calvesled to the increased concentrations of LP products: malonic dialdehyde (MDA) and dienic conjugates (DC). Onthe twenty-fourthdayof the experiment the DClevel was by33%, and the MDAlevel – by 28% higher as compared to the control group. The identifiedchanges oftheMDAandDClevelsin the bloodserumof experimental animals was probablydue to the fact that the toxic effect of cadmium promotes changes insteady-state concentrations of radical metabolites О2 ˙ - , ˙ОН, НО2 ˙, which, in their turn, initiate LP processes. The concentration of radical metabolites increased after feeding animals with cadmium chloride. Basedon the research results, we canconclude that the LP intensity changes when animals are fed with cadmium in different doses and it also depends on the length of time that has passed after the feeding. 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z