Molecular trigger mechanisms for neurodegeneration process via mitophagy in Parkinson’s disease

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronically progressing neurodegenerative disorder, which is associated with the following clinical core features bradykinesia, tremor, and rigidity. It is considered the second most common central nervous system degenerative disorder, which occupies the second place after Alzheimer's disease. Its molecular mechanism lies in the process of mitophagy, which is involved in the development of a range of neurodegenerative diseases, and the mutation of PINK1 and Parkin genes. Goal: The evaluation of the molecular background of PD's pathogenesis. Conclusion: Thus, the main molecular mechanism for PD emergence is the accumulation of defective mitochondria, caused by the mutations of PINK1 and Parkin genes, the expression of which dysregulates the mitochondrial activity, leading to the accumulation of the defected mitochondria and disruption of the mitophagy.